Update to last week's sad thread (note: not sad) →[More:]So the cat was very sick indeed, and on Saturday morning we went to the vet's to say goodbye, as it didn't look as though his bladder function was going to return, and the best thing to do in the circumstances was to have him put to sleep.
When we got there he looked so normal (eating like it was going out of fashion, trying to escape, scratching the vet etc) that we decided to take the chance and took him home. The vet thought that it was unlikely that he'd deteriorate suddenly and require emergency treatment; she thought he'd probably get slowly worse and that euthanasia would be needed before long.
Fast forward a few days, and he has regained bladder function (to the lasting joy of our carpets), his kidneys are back to normal, and he is behaving exactly as though the past week never happened. The vet doesn't understand it, but doesn't want to see him again until his next set of vaccinations.
So we're quite relieved, and happy.