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People did sometimes survive scalping, see here and here.
From the second link: "During the famous massacre at Fort William Henry in August, 1757, Ezekiel Stevens of Derryfield, New Hampshire, was scalped, tomahawked, and left for dead. His entire scalp was taken off, just above his ears. When he recovered his strength enough to rise, he was found and cared for by some French officers. Once his ghastly wounds healed he returned home. For want of hair, he wore a cap. He lived to be a good old age."
Hi my name is Matt and I'm a scalping survivor. Yes, really. Self-inflicted as a matter of fact. When I was a kid I rode my little red bike around and around and around the block. On one corner was the lot where the paperboard factory nearby parked their tractor trailers. I used to ride my bike straight at the trailers, duck my head and zip right underneath them. One time I lifted my head up a wee bit too early and took a 2 x 4" slice right out of my scalp, it flapped over on to the back of my head. After a few stitches and repeated requests by my brother to the doctor to "see my brain" I am now the proud owner of a vagina shaped scar (that has no nerve endings whatsoever, you can drag my around by the hair on top of my head).