Cat intelligence. Many months back I bought a dollar store laser. All the cats but Ginger ignored it. Ginger went after the red butterfly with real glee for about two minutes. Then he raised his head and came running right at me, put his feet up on the chair arm and looked at my hand.
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You! You're making the red thing move!
That sort of reasoning was impressive. From then on at some point each evening he would sit at my feet and stare at my hand. Time to play.
After several days I was sitting reading when I felt something on my left side. Ginger was at the side of my chair, head up under the chair arm, digging his paw down into my left pocket to pull out the laser.
That is more observation and reasoning than I realized a cat is capable of.
On the other hand there is Caspar and doors. If a door is closed but not latched he will push it open. However if it needs to be pulled open he just keeps pushing until he gets frustrated or discouraged. I have shown him how to pull a door open and even used his paw to do it but he still hasn't got it.
And then there is the cat door. I have shown him how to push the flap. I have shown him how to go through. Still he sits there and just looks at it. At least he did until today. Today he got angry with the cat door.
Nose about an inch from the door he started growling at it then howling at it before running off in a sulk.