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In a written response, officials said that abused and neglected children were specifically singled out to create "additional protection" for them, although they did not elaborate.
And they denied there were any exceptions to the prohibitions on testing women and children. They added that the new rules meet all the requirements set by Congress last spring and summer in a series of often heated hearings.
[...]
Public health experts, including Colangelo, said they had no idea what the EPA meant by some of the language in the exemptions -- how the agency might define a "direct benefit" to a child, for example.
"The rule says it's acceptable to test children if there is a direct benefit," Colangelo said. "How can any child possibly benefit from exposure to pesticides? What was EPA thinking about?"
"This is ethically abhorrent, and the way EPA described this rule is clearly misleading," he said. "In fact, the rule expressly approves intentional chemical tests against these [at-risk groups] in several circumstances."
[...]
Physicians and lawyers offered possible explanations for some of the exemptions.
A study that could mean higher crop yields could be justification enough for the EPA to cite a "public health benefit" under the exemptions, said Dr. Alan Lockwood, an expert in human-testing ethics and past president of Physicians for Social Responsibility.
"This would be a public health benefit, even though the exposed children may experience an adverse effect."